1–10 January
- January 1, 1801 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed.
- January 1, 1863 – President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
- January 1, 1993 – Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
- January 2, 1492 – The Reconquista ended with the fall of Granada to Spanish forces.
- January 3, 1925 – Benito Mussolini announced he would dissolve the Italian parliament, solidifying his dictatorship.
- January 4, 1642 – England’s King Charles I attempted to arrest members of Parliament, a key event leading to the English Civil War.
- January 4, 2004 – NASA’s rover Spirit landed on Mars.
- January 5, 1914 – Henry Ford introduced the $5 daily wage for an eight-hour workday.
- January 6, 1838 – Samuel Morse made the first public demonstration of the telegraph.
- January 6, 2021 – The U.S. Capitol was stormed during the certification of the presidential election.
11–20 January
- January 11, 1922 – Insulin was first used on humans to treat diabetes.
- January 12, 1966 – President Lyndon B. Johnson announced the creation of Medicare.
- January 13, 1898 – Émile Zola published “J’Accuse!” in defense of Alfred Dreyfus.
- January 13, 2012 – The Costa Concordia cruise ship sank off the Italian coast.
- January 14, 1954 – Marilyn Monroe married baseball star Joe DiMaggio.
- January 15, 1559 – Elizabeth I was crowned Queen of England.
- January 15, 2001 – Wikipedia was launched.
- January 16, 1547 – Ivan the Terrible was crowned as the first Tsar of Russia.
- January 17, 1945 – Soviet troops liberated Warsaw, Poland, from Nazi control.
- January 18, 1919 – The Paris Peace Conference began, leading to the Treaty of Versailles.
21–31 January
- January 21, 1793 – King Louis XVI of France was executed by guillotine.
- January 21, 1976 – Concorde began commercial supersonic flights.
- January 22, 1901 – Queen Victoria died, ending the Victorian era.
- January 23, 1849 – Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to earn a medical degree in the U.S.
- January 24, 1965 – Winston Churchill died.
- January 24, 1984 – Apple introduced the Macintosh computer.
- January 25, 1919 – The League of Nations was founded.
- January 26, 1950 – India officially became a republic.
- January 27, 1945 – Auschwitz was liberated by Soviet forces.
- January 28, 1986 – The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred.
- January 31, 1865 – The U.S. Congress passed the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery.
General Themes and Additional Events
- January 1, 1942 – The Declaration by United Nations was signed by 26 countries.
- January 5, 1933 – Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge began.
- January 6, 1412 – Joan of Arc was born.
- January 7, 1610 – Galileo discovered the first moons of Jupiter.
- January 8, 1935 – Elvis Presley was born.
- January 9, 1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard made the first balloon flight in the U.S.
- January 9, 2007 – Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone.
- January 10, 1920 – The League of Nations held its first meeting.
- January 12, 2010 – A devastating earthquake struck Haiti.
- January 13, 1128 – The Knights Templar were officially recognized by the Catholic Church.
- January 14, 1943 – The Casablanca Conference began during WWII.
- January 16, 1920 – Prohibition began in the U.S. with the 18th Amendment.
- January 17, 1991 – Operation Desert Storm was launched in the Gulf War.
- January 20, 1942 – The Wannsee Conference was held, planning the “Final Solution.”
- January 20, 1981 – Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as U.S. President.
- January 22, 1973 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Roe v. Wade.
- January 24, 41 AD – Roman Emperor Caligula was assassinated.
- January 27, 1967 – Astronauts died in the Apollo 1 fire during a test.
- January 30, 1948 – Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated.
- January 31, 1958 – The U.S. launched its first satellite, Explorer 1.
Cultural, Political, and Scientific Events
- January 1, 1902 – The first Rose Bowl football game was played.
- January 5, 2021 – Georgia’s Senate runoff elections reshaped U.S. politics.
- January 9, 2005 – Mahmoud Abbas was elected President of Palestine.
- January 13, 1908 – Henri Farman made the first long-distance airplane flight in Europe.
- January 17, 1873 – The first cable car service began in San Francisco.
- January 20, 1937 – Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first U.S. President inaugurated in January after a constitutional change.
- January 23, 1556 – The deadliest earthquake in recorded history struck Shaanxi, China.
- January 26, 1788 – The First Fleet arrived in Australia, establishing the British colony of New South Wales.
- January 28, 1813 – Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was published.
- January 30, 1649 – King Charles I of England was executed.
Wars and Conflicts
- January 3, 1925 – Mussolini dissolved parliament, leading to a dictatorship.
- January 17, 1991 – Operation Desert Storm began.
- January 25, 1915 – Alexander Graham Bell inaugurated transcontinental telephone service.
- January 30, 1835 – An assassination attempt was made on U.S. President Andrew Jackson.
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